DIKÉ 2023/2.

Szerző: Tóth J. Zoltán
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

One of the eternal “core issues” of legal philosophy is the contemplation on when we can and cannot speak of law in the case of a social control mechanism, i.e. what social and political conditions must exist for the subsistence of positive law to be called into question. Related to this is the necessary examination of the conditions under which the state – which also constitutes law – ceases to exist, when it is clearly no longer able to perform its social regulatory function and to enforce the obedience of its subjects or citizens. The assessment of these borderline situations has always been controversial. However, there is still no exact method for determining when a state ends, when a legal system ceases to exist, nor what a state can do to protect itself in the event of situations threatening to disappear, what moral philosophical principles justify it in operating certain mechanisms of self-defence, or what kind of extra ordinem regulation can be prescribed in such occurrences. The present study, through the examination of the most important paradigms in the history of ideas, attempts to review the historically significant answers to this question.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Tamási Anna Éva
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

The defender of the bond is one of the most important officials at the ecclesiastical courts. In this paper I examine the changes of this office both in canonical legislation and in jurisdictional practise (and in Hungarian private law). I present the practise of the holy see of Veszprém and Székesfehérvár in matrimonial cases in the 19th and 20th century.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Ruff Tibor
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

The Law of Moses, the Torah, does not explicitly divide the crimes that can be committed in the field of communication into criminal and civil categories, contrary to the legal system of modern and postmodern European states. In the theocratic legal system of the ancient state of Israel, where all sins against human beings were first and foremost offences against God (i.e., being a holy nation, they were also a matter of holiness), this distinction was at most separable in the way in which cases were dealt with, and in the fact that prosecution of certain crimes was mandatory, while prosecution of others was, in modern terms, on the basis of private accusation. The Ten Commandments forbid two acts of communication: the vain (empty, meaningless, false, blasphemous, etc.) use of the name of God (Yhwh), and, in human relations, bearing false witness against someone. In my study, I intend to give an overview of the latter element of the Ten Commandments as a general clause, using the Torah and the sources of rabbinic jurisprudence and relevant literature in a historical context.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Jusztinger János
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

The absolute monarchy established by Emperor Diocletian (284–305) naturally meant centralization in financial administration as well. Diocletian’s fiscal reforms – which fit into these reorganizations – primarily served to consolidate the empire’s economic power in a period of extreme crisis. Among the monarch’s several financial measures – in addition to the creation of a state monopoly on coinage – the tax reform of 301 can be considered the most determinative. In the same year, the emperor’s provisions were supplemented by a special institution which clearly has a ‘crisis law character’ within the framework of free-market economy. The price maximization decree of Diocletian (Edictum de pretiis rerum venalium) was created specifically to solve or at least mitigate the economic crisis of the third century. While in previous centuries the value of Roman money was relatively constant, the main sign of the financial crisis of the time was precisely inflation. The aim of the study is to present the two most important elements of this comprehensive reform concept.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Frivaldszky János
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

In this paper we discuss St. Thomas Aquinas’ theory of the state and political government. We seek to answer why he believed that the best form of government is kingship. We will look at how to avoid the danger of the best form of government being distorted into its opposite, the worst form of government, tyranny. The criteria for this will be examined, and then we will analyse the second best form of government that can be implemented, a mixed government of limited monarchy. St. Thomas, although he lived in the age of constitutional charters and was familiar with them, chose the government of virtuous persons for the common good, rather than the constitutional system of charters based on ’institutionalised distrust’.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Csalog Eszter
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

After a brief overview of the ancient and medieval history of the notion of justice in philosophy, and some anthropological remarks, the paper examines the precedent decisions of the supreme judicial forum of Hungary (Kúria) delivered over the past 10 years in the field of private law with respect to whether the legal reasoning of the judgments contain a manifest reference to the notions of “ just” or “ justice”. As a result of this research, we find that the judgments, without any further reference, and apart from the modern notions of substantive and procedural justice, are based mainly on the concepts of corrective (rectificatory) justice and on that of distributive justice as well, as if by instinct following the teachings of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Rigó Balázs
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

In the early modern theories of the state, thinking about governance started from the idea of body politic, through the introduction of passions and the family, to the patriarchal theory of the state, in which the monarch governs the people as a family as head of the family. To the head of the family, like to the monarch, the members of the family, like the people, owe obedience according to the laws of nature. The family has become the interpretative framework for the description of society, in which the monarch, by right of his supremacy, has been transformed into the head of the family. At the same time, the concept of the head of the family has undergone a significant change. The change in the role of the father has been accompanied by a change in the content of obedience as well.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Mészáros István László
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

This study shows that the right to resist tyranny has deep biblical roots. It derives directly from the biblical principle of the primacy and supremacy of divine and natural law, reflecting universal divine eternal order and justice. From the fact that even public authority is subject to these laws and that, in the event of a conflict with such laws, man-made laws and authority cannot claim obedience. In this case, resistance to them is not only a right but also a conscientious duty. This paper provides a broad outline of the biblical principles that underpin resistance to tyranny. It then describes some of the cases of resistance in the books of the Old and New Testaments which, among many others, have been recurring in the works of the leading authors on the right of resistance throughout European history.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Benke József
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

After a brief overview of the ancient and medieval history of the notion of justice in philosophy, and some anthropological remarks, the paper examines the precedent decisions of the supreme judicial forum of Hungary (Kúria) delivered over the past 10 years in the field of private law with respect to whether the legal reasoning of the judgments contain a manifest reference to the notions of “ just” or “ justice”. As a result of this research, we find that the judgments, without any further reference, and apart from the modern notions of substantive and procedural justice, are based mainly on the concepts of corrective (rectificatory) justice and on that of distributive justice as well, as if by instinct following the teachings of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Balogh Elemér
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

The medieval Latin Church had a very clear and elaborate theory of human sin and the punishment that was necessarily associated with it. This complex thought can be summarised in two main theories: theological theory and canon law, which can be particularly well illustrated by means of case law, i.e. the activity of the ecclesiastical courts. In the following overview, I will present the legal basis and purpose of punishment, as well as the types of punishment, based on the theological views of Thomas Aquinas on the one hand, and on the sources of medieval canon law on the other, illustrated with examples from canonical jurisdiction.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Barcsi Tamás
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

A cikk angol nyelvű.

*****

Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) is arguably one of the greatest figures in Western culture. A separate discipline, Dantist Studies, is concerned with exploring the different layers of his art. Without wishing to place myself among the scholars of this discipline, I would like to offer a few thoughts, mainly of an ethical nature, on the relationship of Dante’s works to the Renaissance.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)

Szerző: Kocher, Gernot
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar 2023

Az eredeti nyelvű leírás hiányzik.

*****

Guilt and innocence can be viewed from both the secular and the sacred side. Modern law is no longer aware of this double-sidedness, but until the legal world of the 18th century, which was determined by natural law, this two-sidedness was represented in many legal sources in the form of a combination of image and text as an opening for the sacred side, so to speak, followed by the legal text for the secular dimension. In my overview, I will present seven examples of this rich source material of European legal culture, which I will interpret according to the scientific method of legal iconography.

A részletes adatlapot a képre vagy a címre kattintva érheti el.

Ingyenesen letölthető, open access kiadvány.

Elolvasom/letöltöm (pdf)